@Article{AbduKheBatReiSob:2014:EqSpIn,
               author = "Abdu, M. A. and Kherani, Esfhan Alam and Batista, Inez Staciarini 
                         and Reinisch, B. W. and Sobral, Jos{\'e} Humberto de Andrade",
          affiliation = "{} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Equatorial spread F initiation and growth from satellite traces as 
                         revealed from conjugate point observations in Brazil",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "119",
               number = "1",
                pages = "375–383",
             keywords = "electric fields, equatorial ionosphere, ionosphere/atmosphere 
                         interactions, ionospheric irregularities, plasma waves.",
             abstract = "A better understanding of the precursor conditions for the 
                         instability growth is very important for identifying the causes of 
                         day-to-day variability in the equatorial spread F (ESF)/plasma 
                         bubble irregularity development. We investigate here the satellite 
                         trace (S-trace) in the ionograms, a precursor to the postsunset 
                         ESF occurrence, as observed by Digisondes operated at an 
                         equatorial and two magnetic conjugate sites in Brazil during a 
                         66\ day observational campaign (Conjugate Point Equatorial 
                         Experiment 2002). The satellite traces first occur at the 
                         equatorial site, and sequentially, after a variable delay of 
                         approximately 20 to 50\ min, they are observed nearly 
                         simultaneously over the two conjugate sites. The evening 
                         prereversal enhancement in the zonal electric field/vertical drift 
                         is found to control its development. Using a three-dimensional 
                         simulation code based on collisional interchange instability 
                         mechanism, it is shown that the observed S-trace occurrence 
                         sequence is fully consistent with the instability initiation over 
                         the equator with the field-aligned plasma depletion vertical 
                         growth marked by latitudinal expansion of its extremities to 
                         conjugate locations. The delay in the S-trace occurrence at the 
                         conjugate sites (a measure of the nonlinear growth of the 
                         instability for plasma depletion) is controlled also by field line 
                         parallel (meridional) neutral wind. The relationship between the 
                         S-trace and the large-scale wave structure in the F layer, another 
                         widely known characterization of the precursor condition for the 
                         ESF development, is also clarified.",
                  doi = "10.1002/2013JA019352",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019352",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "jgra50748.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "07 maio 2024"
}